[DeTomaso] Sodium valves

j g notstock at yahoo.com
Thu Feb 19 10:01:40 EST 2015


 I take no credit for the content below just passing along published  public domain material. 
LSJ[edit]
Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 Saturn Ion Red LineThe LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec 2.0 L— 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)— with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. The LSJ shares many of its components with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and cylinder head.[8] It is rated at 205 hp  
2.0 LNF[edit]
Ecotec LNF in a Pontiac SolsticeA turbocharged direct injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Pontiac Solstice GXP and Saturn Sky Red Line. In these applications, the engine is mounted longitudinally. Displacement is 2.0 L—1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)—with a square 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 1.4 bar (20.0 psi), delivering 260 hp (190 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 lb·ft (350 N·m) of torque from 2500 to 5250 rpm. Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes a liquid at idle, which improves conductivity and draws heat away from the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the engine oil circulating in this area.sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves  
LDK[edit]
An updated variant of the LNF (also with 9.2:1 compression ratio). This engine is also known as A20NFT and A20NHT by GM Powertrain Europe.This engine is used in: all have sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
| 2009 | Opel Insignia | 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm |
| 2009–2010 | Buick Regal Turbo | 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm |
| 2010–2013 | Buick Regal GS (Chinese Market) | 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm |
| 2009–2010 | Buick Regal Turbo (Hirsch Performance) | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 hp) @ 5400 rpm | 400 N·m (295 lb·ft) @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| 2010–2013 | Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 hp) @ 5400 rpm | 400 N·m (300 lb·ft) @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| 2010–2012 | Saab 9-5 | 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm |
| 2011, 2013– | Saab 9-3 (NEVS) | 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm |
| 2011 | Opel Insignia 4x4 | 184 kW (250 PS; 247 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 400 N·m (300 lb·ft) @ 2400–3600 rpm |
| 2012 | Opel Astra J OPC | 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) @ 5500 rpm | 400 N·m (300 lb·ft) @ 2500–4500 rpm |
| 2014– | Buick Regal GS (Chinese Market) | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 hp) @ 5300 rpm | 350 N·m (260 lb·ft) @ 2000–5000 rpm |
| 2014– | Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) | 205 kW (279 PS; 275 hp) @ 5400 rpm | 410 N·m (300 lb·ft) @ 3000–4000 rpm |

 
  
2.0[edit]

LTG[edit]
A 2.0 L (1998 cc) turbocharged direct injection version of the gen III Ecotec will be available in 2013 Cadillac ATS and Chevrolet Malibu.This engine is also available in Cadillac XTS in Chinese market. Bore and stroke are both 86.0 millimetres (3.39 in), compression is 9.5:1. The engine uses twin-scroll turbocharger with electronically controlled wastegate/bypass valve, air-to-air intercooler, stainless steel dual-scroll (1–4, 2–3) exhaust manifold designed to withstand 980 °C (1,800 °F) turbine temperature, and rotacast aluminum alloy (A356T6) cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves  ford stuffford FE "The intake and exhaust valves are larger than those found on the 427 production engine". The exhaust valves feature a sodium filled hollow stem for better heat conduction   5.0-liter V-8: 435 hp, 400 lb-ftFord’s Coyote V-8 carries over as well, although it receives more substantial changes. Mustang engineers used the low-volume Boss 302’s V-8, a glorious-sounding 444-hp powerhouse, as its performance bogey. Unfortunately, the Boss engine incorporated some expensive manufacturing tricks that Ford couldn’t possibly use in a mass-produced engine, like hollow intake valves, sodium-filled exhaust valves, and CNC-ported heads, so it had to look elsewhere to approach Boss power levels.  
| The 1963 Indy pushrod engine produced 375 BHP at 7200 RPM from 255 cubic inches  |
| Ford powered Lotus cars were prepared for Indy in 1963, to be driven by Dan Gurney and Jimmy Clark. The high performance 260 used in the Cobra was the starting point, dubbed the Stage 0 engine. Stage 1 involved revised and enlarged intake and exhaust ports, and 12.5:1 compression through the used of forged pop-up pistons. The special intake manifold carried four 46mm downdraft Webers carburetors. Larger valves, hollow-stemmed intakes and sodium-filled exhausts were fitted to the heads, along with high silicon content aluminum alloy retainers.   |

  https://books.google.com/books?id=MaTmIcR2atAC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=ford+engines+sodium+filled+exhaust+valves&source=bl&ots=RRBKRsUD5Z&sig=gPx7pk_Kb-FH5ufMokP2IXgNQBw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6vjlVKj4JYqryQTJ14EI&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=ford%20engines%20sodium%20filled%20exhaust%20valves&f=false       From: B. SEIB <oldwheel at shaw.ca>
 To: 'j g' <notstock at yahoo.com> 
 Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 6:27 PM
 Subject: RE: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
   
I wonder if the Buick GN had sodium ex valves then too?Do you know if any of Ford's turbo or supercharged engines use sodium filled valves jg?Barry


From: j g [mailto:notstock at yahoo.com] 
Sent: February-18-15 5:25 PM
To: B. SEIB; 'Ken Green'; 'Charles De Francisco'; 'DetomasoList'
Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves

sodium filled exhaust valves were also used on the corvair turbo charged engines  from 62 on to the end of the 68 all 911 engines up to the 964  have sodium filled exhaust valves . lt-4 zo6 had sodium filled exhaust valves . all turbo and supercharged chevrolet engines have had sodium filled exhaust valves from the factory. ls7 includedOn the exhaust side, sodium-filling is the best way to increase the head cooling capacity of a hollow exhaust valve. If stock diameter steel valves are required, but a valve weight is not mandated, going to a hollow intake and sodium-filled exhaust is certainly a major advantage. better cooling of the valve and the guide as well as lighter than other types except titanium . Stainless steel (for street performance) has much better durability characteristics than titanium, and the street guys won’t usually see the real benefits of titanium. In racing, use titanium when you want to lose weight…and spend a lot of money. sodium filled exhaust valves were an off shoot spin off from the aircraft engines way back .  jg
From: B. SEIB <oldwheel at shaw.ca>
To: 'Ken Green' <kenn_green at yahoo.com>; 'Charles De Francisco' <drfortinbras at gmail.com>; 'DetomasoList' <detomaso at poca.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 4:12 PM
Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves

  Yes, that sounds reasonable. I think it was for use in aircraft engines
  with some form of supercharging that they were originally developed. I
  just didn't realize they were back in style!



  Barry
    __________________________________________________________________

  From: Ken Green [mailto:kenn_green at yahoo.com]
  Sent: February-18-15 4:07 PM
  To: B. SEIB; 'Charles De Francisco'; 'DetomasoList'
  Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves

  What I read said the stock LS7 has sodium filled exhaust valves.
  I would guess that a turbo charged production engine might have them to
  handle the heat?
  Ken
    __________________________________________________________________

  From: B. SEIB <oldwheel at shaw.ca>
  To: 'Charles De Francisco' <drfortinbras at gmail.com>; 'Ken Green'
  <kenn_green at yahoo.com>; 'DetomasoList' <detomaso at poca.com>
  Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 2:00 PM
  Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
      Thanks Charles
    I wouldn't be surprised if sodium valves were used in Nascar hemis or
    Boss 429 engines too. I just don't recall any production engines with
    them, but I could be wrong.....
    Ken Green says the LS7 uses them !
    I'm surprised at that. I wonder if that's in the GM engine as
  produced
    or an aftermarket thing?
    Ken, do you know?
    Barry
      __________________________________________________________________
      From: Charles De Francisco [mailto:[1]drfortinbras at gmail.com]
    Sent: February-18-15 3:41 PM
    To: B. SEIB
    Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
    Hi Barry your info was almost rite on.  Ford did offer the sodium
    valves on the 427 engines for thr Cobras used in their race program
    There was a issue with the nos valves as the sodium corroded the
  inside
    causing them to come apart as they were drilled to make the stem
    hollow..the story I heard was the sodium was to provide cooling of
  the
    valve stem in endurance racing...we used some
    In drag race engines as they were somewhat lighter..a much better set
    up would be manley stainless valves..?..Pete Coleman
    At manley in Lakewood n.j. 732-905-3366 would be able to help you on
    this issue.
    On Wednesday, February 18, 2015, B. SEIB <[1][2]oldwheel at shaw.ca>
  wrote:
      Hi Robert
      Sodium valves were a feature in the 375HP version of Corvette 327
      engines
      with fuel injection. I don't recall sodium valves being used in
      other US
      standard production engines. Maybe some other exotic engines did.
      Later
      valve steels and technology made the risks and expense of sodium
      filled
      valves obsolete in HP engines. The idea originated in aircraft
      piston
      engines back around WWII, I think, and was related to trying to
  cool
      exhaust
      valves under high stress loads.
      The 1971 Cleveland 351-4V engines in Panteras (and Mustangs,etc.)
      had high
      compression closed chamber (quench) heads, single point
      distributors, small
      square bore 600cfm 4300A carbs and 2 bolt mains. The Boss 351 was
      the only
      351C to get 4 bolt mains, dual point distributor and the large
      spreadbore
      Motorcraft 4300D carb in 1971 along with high compression CC heads.
      Some people have said that some 1971 4V engines found there way
  into
      very
      early 72 Panteras, but probably only in early January 72 cars. The
      1972
      Cobra-jet engines would have entered production in Sept of 1971 and
      by the
      end of 1971, DeTomaso was likely to have used their engine stock on
      hand and
      have received new Cobra-jet engines from Ford. I understand
  DeTomaso
      was
      generally receiving engines only about a month or so after they
  were
      produced in the US plant.
      1972 Panteras came with Cobra-jet engines that had open chamber
      (lower
      compression) 4V heads but with 4 bolt mains, dual point distributor
      and
      large spreadbore Motorcraft 4300D carb. This was the strange result
      of Ford
      trying to recover some of the power lost to stricter emission
      standards for
      1972. The compression had to come down for unleaded gas and Ford
      upped the
      RPM to try to get some oomph back. They retarded the cam timing and
      hopped
      it up a bit to get the power at higher revs, thus the dual point
  and
      4 bolt
      mains.
      1973 and 74 went downhill from there, with increasing emissions and
      lower
      compression.
      So...the best heads were in 1971, but everything else was better in
      1972.
      Unless you have a 1971 BOSS 351 engine, which never came in a
      production US
      market Pantera. Pity that.
      Barry
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-------------- next part --------------
    I take no credit for the content below just passing along published
   public domain material.

LSJ[[1]edit]

   Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 [2]Saturn Ion Red Line
   The LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec 2.0 La 1,998 cc
   (121.9 cu in)a with an [3]Eaton M62 [4]Roots-type supercharger and
   air-to-liquid [5]intercooler. The LSJ shares many of its components
   with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons,
   connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and
   cylinder head.^[6][8] It is rated at 205 hp

2.0 LNF[[7]edit]

   Ecotec LNF in a [8]Pontiac Solstice
   A turbocharged [9]direct injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct
   Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 [10]Pontiac Solstice GXP
   and [11]Saturn Sky Red Line. In these applications, the engine is
   mounted longitudinally. Displacement is 2.0 La1,998 cc (121.9 cu
   in)awith a square 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and stroke. Compression
   is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 1.4 bar (20.0 psi), delivering 260 hp
   (190 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 lbA.ft (350 NA.m) of torque from 2500 to
   5250 rpm. Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is
   recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology
   developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes
   a liquid at idle, which improves conductivity and draws heat away from
   the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the
   engine oil circulating in this area.[12]sodium-filled stainless steel
   [13]Inconel exhaust [14]valves


LDK[[15]edit]

   An updated variant of the LNF (also with 9.2:1 compression ratio). This
   engine is also known as A20NFT and A20NHT by GM Powertrain Europe.
   This engine is used in: all have [16]sodium-filled stainless steel
   [17]Inconel exhaust [18]valves
   Year(s) Model Power Torque
   2009 [19]Opel Insignia 162 [20]kW (220 [21]PS; 217 [22]hp) @ 5300 rpm
   350 NA.m (258 lbA.ft) @ 2500 rpm
   2009a2010 [23]Buick Regal Turbo 162 [24]kW (220 [25]PS; 217 [26]hp) @
   5300 rpm 350 NA.m (258 lbA.ft) @ 2500 rpm
   2010a2013 [27]Buick Regal GS (Chinese Market) 162 [28]kW (220 [29]PS;
   217 [30]hp) @ 5300 rpm 350 NA.m (258 lbA.ft) @ 2500 rpm
   2009a2010 [31]Buick Regal Turbo (Hirsch Performance) 192 [32]kW (261
   [33]PS; 257 [34]hp) @ 5400 rpm 400 NA.m (295 lbA.ft) @ 3000a4000 rpm
   2010a2013 [35]Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) 192 kW (261 PS; 257
   hp) @ 5400 rpm 400 NA.m (300 lbA.ft) @ 3000a4000 rpm
   2010a2012 [36]Saab 9-5 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm 350 NA.m (258
   lbA.ft) @ 2500 rpm
   2011, 2013a [37]Saab 9-3 ([38]NEVS) 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp) @ 5300 rpm
   350 NA.m (258 lbA.ft) @ 2500 rpm
   2011 [39]Opel Insignia 4x4 184 kW (250 PS; 247 hp) @ 5300 rpm 400 NA.m
   (300 lbA.ft) @ 2400a3600 rpm
   2012 [40]Opel Astra J OPC 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) @ 5500 rpm 400 NA.m
   (300 lbA.ft) @ 2500a4500 rpm
   2014a [41]Buick Regal GS (Chinese Market) 187 kW (254 PS; 251 hp) @
   5300 rpm 350 NA.m (260 lbA.ft) @ 2000a5000 rpm
   2014a [42]Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) 205 kW (279 PS; 275 hp) @
   5400 rpm 410 NA.m (300 lbA.ft) @ 3000a4000 rpm


2.0[[43]edit]

LTG[[44]edit]

   A 2.0 L (1998 cc) [45]turbocharged direct injection version of the gen
   III Ecotec will be available in 2013 [46]Cadillac ATS and [47]Chevrolet
   Malibu.This engine is also available in [48]Cadillac XTS in Chinese
   market. Bore and stroke are both 86.0 millimetres (3.39 in),
   compression is 9.5:1. The engine uses [49]twin-scroll turbocharger with
   electronically controlled wastegate/bypass valve, air-to-air
   intercooler, stainless steel dual-scroll (1a4, 2a3) exhaust manifold
   designed to withstand 980 ADEGC (1,800 ADEGF) turbine temperature, and
   [50]rotacast aluminum alloy (A356T6) cylinder head with sodium-filled
   exhaust valves


   ford stuff
   ford FE "The intake and exhaust valves are larger than those found on
   the 427 production engine". The exhaust valves feature a sodium filled
   hollow stem for better heat conduction

   5.0-liter V-8: 435 hp, 400 lb-ft
   Fordas Coyote V-8 carries over as well, although it receives more
   substantial changes. Mustang engineers used the [51]low-volume Boss
   302as V-8, a [52]glorious-sounding 444-hp powerhouse, as its
   performance bogey. Unfortunately, the Boss engine incorporated some
   expensive manufacturing tricks that Ford couldnat possibly use in a
   mass-produced engine, like hollow intake valves, sodium-filled exhaust
   valves, and CNC-ported heads, so it had to look elsewhere to approach
   Boss power levels.


   The 1963 Indy pushrod engine produced 375 BHP at 7200 RPM from 255
   cubic inches
   Ford powered Lotus cars were prepared for Indy in 1963, to be driven by
   Dan Gurney and Jimmy Clark. The high performance 260 used in the Cobra
   was the starting point, dubbed the Stage 0 engine. Stage 1 involved
   revised and enlarged intake and exhaust ports, and 12.5:1 compression
   through the used of forged pop-up pistons. The special intake manifold
   carried four 46mm downdraft Webers carburetors. Larger valves,
   hollow-stemmed intakes and sodium-filled exhausts were fitted to the
   heads, along with high silicon content aluminum alloy retainers.



   [53]https://books.google.com/books?id=MaTmIcR2atAC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=
   ford+engines+sodium+filled+exhaust+valves&source=bl&ots=RRBKRsUD5Z&sig=
   gPx7pk_Kb-FH5ufMokP2IXgNQBw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6vjlVKj4JYqryQTJ14EI&ved=0CDs
   Q6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=ford%20engines%20sodium%20filled%20exhaust%20valv
   es&f=false

     __________________________________________________________________

   From: B. SEIB <oldwheel at shaw.ca>
   To: 'j g' <notstock at yahoo.com>
   Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 6:27 PM
   Subject: RE: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
   I wonder if the Buick GN had sodium ex valves then too?
   Do you know if any of Ford's turbo or supercharged engines use sodium
   filled valves jg?
   Barry
     __________________________________________________________________

   From: j g [mailto:notstock at yahoo.com]
   Sent: February-18-15 5:25 PM
   To: B. SEIB; 'Ken Green'; 'Charles De Francisco'; 'DetomasoList'
   Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
   sodium filled exhaust valves were also used on the corvair turbo
   charged engines  from 62 on to the end of the 68
   all 911 engines up to the 964  have sodium filled exhaust valves .
   lt-4 zo6 had sodium filled exhaust valves . all turbo and supercharged
   chevrolet engines have had sodium filled exhaust valves from the
   factory. ls7 included
   On the exhaust side, sodium-filling is the best way to increase the
   head cooling capacity of a hollow exhaust valve. If stock diameter
   steel valves are required, but a valve weight is not mandated, going to
   a hollow intake and sodium-filled exhaust is certainly a major
   advantage. better cooling of the valve and the guide as well as lighter
   than other types except titanium .
   Stainless steel (for street performance) has much better durability
   characteristics than titanium, and the street guys wonat usually see
   the real benefits of titanium. In racing, use titanium when you want to
   lose weighta|and spend a lot of money. sodium filled exhaust valves
   were an off shoot spin off from the aircraft engines way back .

   jg
     __________________________________________________________________

   From: B. SEIB <oldwheel at shaw.ca>
   To: 'Ken Green' <kenn_green at yahoo.com>; 'Charles De Francisco'
   <drfortinbras at gmail.com>; 'DetomasoList' <detomaso at poca.com>
   Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 4:12 PM
   Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
     Yes, that sounds reasonable. I think it was for use in aircraft
   engines
     with some form of supercharging that they were originally developed.
   I
     just didn't realize they were back in style!
     Barry
       __________________________________________________________________
     From: Ken Green [mailto:[54]kenn_green at yahoo.com]
     Sent: February-18-15 4:07 PM
     To: B. SEIB; 'Charles De Francisco'; 'DetomasoList'
     Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
     What I read said the stock LS7 has sodium filled exhaust valves.
     I would guess that a turbo charged production engine might have them
   to
     handle the heat?
     Ken
       __________________________________________________________________
     From: B. SEIB <[55]oldwheel at shaw.ca>
     To: 'Charles De Francisco' <[56]drfortinbras at gmail.com>; 'Ken Green'
     <[57]kenn_green at yahoo.com>; 'DetomasoList' <[58]detomaso at poca.com>
     Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 2:00 PM
     Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
         Thanks Charles
       I wouldn't be surprised if sodium valves were used in Nascar hemis
   or
       Boss 429 engines too. I just don't recall any production engines
   with
       them, but I could be wrong.....
       Ken Green says the LS7 uses them !
       I'm surprised at that. I wonder if that's in the GM engine as
     produced
       or an aftermarket thing?
       Ken, do you know?
       Barry

   __________________________________________________________________
         From: Charles De Francisco [mailto:[1][59]drfortinbras at gmail.com]
       Sent: February-18-15 3:41 PM
       To: B. SEIB
       Subject: Re: [DeTomaso] Sodium valves
       Hi Barry your info was almost rite on.  Ford did offer the sodium
       valves on the 427 engines for thr Cobras used in their race program
       There was a issue with the nos valves as the sodium corroded the
     inside
       causing them to come apart as they were drilled to make the stem
       hollow..the story I heard was the sodium was to provide cooling of
     the
       valve stem in endurance racing...we used some
       In drag race engines as they were somewhat lighter..a much better
   set
       up would be manley stainless valves..?..Pete Coleman
       At manley in Lakewood n.j. 732-905-3366 would be able to help you
   on
       this issue.
       On Wednesday, February 18, 2015, B. SEIB
   <[1][2][60]oldwheel at shaw.ca>
     wrote:
         Hi Robert
         Sodium valves were a feature in the 375HP version of Corvette 327
         engines
         with fuel injection. I don't recall sodium valves being used in
         other US
         standard production engines. Maybe some other exotic engines did.
         Later
         valve steels and technology made the risks and expense of sodium
         filled
         valves obsolete in HP engines. The idea originated in aircraft
         piston
         engines back around WWII, I think, and was related to trying to
     cool
         exhaust
         valves under high stress loads.
         The 1971 Cleveland 351-4V engines in Panteras (and Mustangs,etc.)
         had high
         compression closed chamber (quench) heads, single point
         distributors, small
         square bore 600cfm 4300A carbs and 2 bolt mains. The Boss 351 was
         the only
         351C to get 4 bolt mains, dual point distributor and the large
         spreadbore
         Motorcraft 4300D carb in 1971 along with high compression CC
   heads.
         Some people have said that some 1971 4V engines found there way
     into
         very
         early 72 Panteras, but probably only in early January 72 cars.
   The
         1972
         Cobra-jet engines would have entered production in Sept of 1971
   and
         by the
         end of 1971, DeTomaso was likely to have used their engine stock
   on
         hand and
         have received new Cobra-jet engines from Ford. I understand
     DeTomaso
         was
         generally receiving engines only about a month or so after they
     were
         produced in the US plant.
         1972 Panteras came with Cobra-jet engines that had open chamber
         (lower
         compression) 4V heads but with 4 bolt mains, dual point
   distributor
         and
         large spreadbore Motorcraft 4300D carb. This was the strange
   result
         of Ford
         trying to recover some of the power lost to stricter emission
         standards for
         1972. The compression had to come down for unleaded gas and Ford
         upped the
         RPM to try to get some oomph back. They retarded the cam timing
   and
         hopped
         it up a bit to get the power at higher revs, thus the dual point
     and
         4 bolt
         mains.
         1973 and 74 went downhill from there, with increasing emissions
   and
         lower
         compression.
         So...the best heads were in 1971, but everything else was better
   in
         1972.
         Unless you have a 1971 BOSS 351 engine, which never came in a
         production US
         market Pantera. Pity that.
         Barry
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References

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   2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_Ion
   3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaton_Corporation
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  10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_Solstice
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  12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium
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  24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt
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  27. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick_Regal#.23Regal_GS
  28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt
  29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_horsepower
  30. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower
  31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick_Regal#Fifth_generation_.282009.E2.80.93present.29
  32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt
  33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_horsepower
  34. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower
  35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick_Regal#.23Regal_GS
  36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_9-5
  37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_9-3
  38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEVS
  39. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel_Insignia
  40. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel_Astra#OPC_2
  41. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick_Regal#.23Regal_GS
  42. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick_Regal#.23Regal_GS
  43. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GM_Ecotec_engine&action=edit&section=25
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  45. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharged
  46. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_ATS
  47. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Malibu
  48. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_XTS
  49. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin-scroll_turbocharger
  50. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(industrial)
  51. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2012-ford-mustang-boss-302-test-review
  52. http://blog.caranddriver.com/name-that-exhaust-note-episode-103/
  53. https://books.google.com/books?id=MaTmIcR2atAC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=ford+engines+sodium+filled+exhaust+valves&source=bl&ots=RRBKRsUD5Z&sig=gPx7pk_Kb-FH5ufMokP2IXgNQBw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6vjlVKj4JYqryQTJ14EI&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=ford%20engines%20sodium%20filled%20exhaust%20valves&f=false
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